You can list find the case_id of all test cases using -l option: “victim_address”: # b”server_a1″, # server_a1 Selector._ TXT “v=DKIM1 k=rsa t=y p=MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDNjwdrmp/gcbKLaGQfRZk+LJ6XOWuQXkAOa/lI1En4t4sLuWiKiL6hACqMrsKQ8XfgqN76mmx4CHWn2VqVewFh7QTvshGLywWwrAJZdQ4KTlfR/2EwAlrItndijOfr2tpZRgP0nTY6saktkhQdwrk3U0SZmG7U8L9IPj7ZwPKGvQIDAQAB” To run espoofer in server mode, you need to have: 1) an IP address ( 1.2.3.4), which outgoing port 25 is not blocked by the ISP, and 2) a domain ( ). In client mode, espoofer works as an email client to test validation in sending services. In server mode, espoofer works like a mail server to test validation in receiving services.

In this repo, we summarize all test cases we found and integrate them into this tool to help administrators and security-practitioners quickly identify and locate such security issues.Please use the following citation if you do scentific research (Click me).Įspoofer has three work modes: server (‘s’, default mode), client (‘c’) and manual (‘m’). USENIX security 2020 paper (PDF): Composition Kills: A Case Study of Email Sender Authentication.Black Hat USA 2020 slides (PDF): You have No Idea Who Sent that Email: 18 Attacks on Email Sender Authentication.For more technical details, please see our Black Hat USA 2020 talk (with presentation video) or USENIX security 2020 paper. Figure 1 demonstrates one of our spoofing attacks to bypass DKIM and DMARC in Gmail. Our latest research shows that the implementation of those protocols suffers a number of security issues, which can be exploited to bypass SPF/DKIM/DMARC protections. To address this problem, modern email services and websites employ authentication protocols - SPF, DKIM, and DMARC - to prevent email forgery. It helps mail server administrators and penetration testers to check whether the target email server and client are vulnerable to email spoofing attacks or can be abused to send spoofing emails.Įmail spoofing is a big threat to both individuals and organizations (Yahoo breach, John podesta). Espoofer is an open-source testing tool to bypass SPF, DKIM, and DMARC authentication in email systems.

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